Why The 52 Years Became a Reality.

Why The 52-year Cycle Became a Reality

When Spain conquered the New World, the decision was made by the rulers of Spain, because the native population counted only on their fingers and maybe even used their toes there was no way they knew what a 360-day year was or when a 365-day year evolved. Only the glorious ancient Roman ruler, Julius Caesar, was supposedly capable of re-adjusting the stars by mand He named process Swindenating a longer year of 445-days in the first century, so the seasons would realign with European farming methods.y one, 

The whole of both Americas, supposedly was only inhabited by primitive natives[?]  The Trecena was taken [appended by one] from three sections of four circles within small triangles [Green] directly under three fire glyphs {Orange] of the two serpents on the stone. The large star between the four circles probably was meant to be a knot on the cords of a single year  [Brown].  So the 52-year cycle was "an independent invention" decision made for the strange stone calendar age 676-years and was thought to be very appropriate. 

Especially since 676 divided by 13 equals 52. Who did the original math on that aspect. It seems odd that the 676 is only repeated three times, not four.  It is in the Codex Ramirez that the set of 676 the calendar count here. The stone itself does not record any such number sequence, only the events indicated by glyph.

Tlaloc's wife, Chalchiuhtlicue, of the great waves of water

The extra number of the Trecena, the 13th at the end of the count, is only a repetition of the very first. It is for the continuation of the first twelve numbers and it is called in computer programming, a "loop command.". The actual data is in the horizontal agricultural system written out as five weeks with only four days in each week in the Madrid and the Borgia Codices and on the stone quarters themselves.

Our Saturdays and Sundays (as glyphs in a Maya agricultural calendar) not found on the Madrid M-12 to M-18 were not to be confusThere were only considered. to be working days, The new schedule was to have begun in the IXth century AD. during the Classic Maya period. Karle Taube in [1983,7] named the process after the Norse "Swiddin" farm method,:in his paper titled "The Classic Maya Maize God: A Reappraisal"  [In  Fifth Round Table, Pre-Columbian Art. Ed.: Merle Greene [1985, 171-181], San Francisco, California.]   

The second number of the count is necessary the first is when was milpa of a native to be planted. The land should lie fallow for at least two years so that until it can assimilate the nutrients necessary for another good harvest of maize. The other two years [#5 and #9] follow the same three-year cycle with each new revolution of the Trecena which is an agricultural cycle similar to the Norse method.

The raw question is "Why would farmers who always followed the stars to plant, and reap their crops ever considered a 52-year cycle, when they lived in a 52-week, 360-day world before a major disaster struck the land?

As a theoretical question, it tells us that the formulae for computing the calendar glyphs are done in a manner which does not honor the agricultural time scale of the Trecena. This could be compared to our common almanac for farmers. The Aztec version with weekly corrections can also be found in the Madrid Serpent pages but only, as a stripped-down work schedule without the two days extra days of the weekend.

The Madrid was set up to read the Ik, Manik, Eb, Caban sequence with insertions of 20 days of 4 days per week between each of the four Trecena markers across the horizontal 52-weeks in every normal year. It was a new set, beginning with IMIX., Thus, the first day of the new month called 0 POP in 1583 by church 'mandate', which indicated the 52-week schedule as an impossible item. The sequence across the 360 days failed to create 52 weeks. and made it impossible to insert the extra five days which were added after the catastrophe.

The church effort to align the Mesoamerican Calendar was illustrated in front and back of the Serpent pages to be the very first day of the year. As can be seen on the last page of the Serpent sequence, [M-12  to M-18] the effort to create such a pattern failed miserably. It failed mostly because month names had never been named in the Trecena calendar until the Church decided that such names would assist researchers later to compare the two systems. As it is stated in, The Book of the Years by Edmonson stated:

"Mixtec Month Names remain linguistically' undocumented." (1968, 211)

It may have because there never were any month names ]just god festival names [similar to our December festival named is Christmas..etc.] before that time in the Mesoamerican calendars. Rome decided to take 0 POP from July 26 of the European year while IMIX was taken from the same year on February 8, 1583.  IK, MANIK, EB, CABAN  was no longer considered to be valid by Rome.

This new horizontal sequence now read downwards the same way. Both across and down weeks revolved as individual roll-overs, just as the lemons and cherries on the One-armed Bandits of Gambling halls in Reno, Las Vegas, Atlantic City, et cetera. Only the vertical Trecena was more sedate. It only changed in proper sequence from year one to year four and the group was only repeated three times vertically.

The Trecena count was reported by Jose Castillo-Torre who claimed he used the Imperial version: which appeared to be the same as the.Guatemalan's count: IK, MANIK, EB, CABAN. For this reason, I decided also to stay with that version of the vertical Trecena count.

The Maya version is IK, MANIK, EB, CABAN. Diego de Landa's version may have been a different group that began with AKBAL. It only failed when the new glyph artist attempted to add the IMIX and the extra "dead" days.

It should be noted,  Diego de Landa's manuscript which was revised by William Gates, included POPP as the first month.. Gates also claimed different euro-dates as the year included by de Landa before h died in 1575. It became clear that Landa's report to Rome was altered at a later date since Rome had not yet introduced  0 POP to Mesoamerica until 1583-4. This seems to have been a common procedure through the era of such translators.

The Borgia Codex count succeeded because it isolated the 260-day count of the Trecena in the middle of the 364 + 1.  It inferred that the top and bottom rows were the Saturday and Sunday of our common calendar.

Landa's version was: AKBAL, LAMAT, BEN,  ET'ZAB.  No matter which is being used, there is little done with the vertical "Year-Bearer"s except with the Mixtec translations by John Pohl and Robert Williams. They worked out the years with the 13 count for each of the 20 days and years for each of the Mixtec Codices that were available.

By doing the Trecena with each group of the vertical list of 20-days, it makes an uneven count throughout the centuries, which probably was what Rome had determined to be proper at the time. with such a strange way of counting, there would be no conflict between European dates and Mesoamerican attempts at correlating the calendar with Eurasian dates  No one ever questioned our current scholars from back as far as the 1930's. 

The Madrid, if it would be followed horizontally across the seven pages [M-12 to M-18], one can read the Trecena in the manner that it was used for Swidden farming; by leaving off the Saturday and Sunday, days for community action within the Maya communities. It can be seen that each and every column of 20 day names rotate individually just as the One-armed Bandit" slot machines in gambling.

Conclusion

This allows for every day of the four years necessary to plant harvest and rejuvenate the soil.  It is completely different from year one to the next. In this way, for the whole four years, a farmer is able to determine what e has to do with each of his three fields, when they are rotated correctly.

If one accepts the 364+ 01 days of our current 365-day year, while the center of the Borgia which give the Trecena count over eight pages as a 260-day cycle. This step confused later calendar makers. Festival days. then, should be considered only as community activities. The correct 30 day month count for the 360-day year and the 30-31-28-day cycles of the 365.25-day years mean little or nothing to the Mesoamerican natives, even though they have to use them as our current daily day counts.

The strange vertical count of four-year bearers X 03 + 01 = 13 can be considered as a computer generated a program to create a LOOP, a long time before computers had even been a dream. When the 676 was divided by 13; the answer was 52. The Trecena then became a yearly item through Independent Invention. The 4-year Swidden "slash and Burn" re-cycle agricultural method of the Madrid Codex has been the honored method of the farming of the land which has been ignored as a useless calendar. Is it possible to return to ordinary 52-weekly year count instead of the inferred 52-year cycle? Our spinning earth can never accomplish a 52-year harvest because it cannot change its orbit. 
                                    ___________________________________

That is what has been inferred for years as the 52-year cycle of the earth. Since it is an impossible feat, it was concluded that the Fire Ceremony was the paramount rite to be celebrated every 52-years. We should be able to return to our true cyclical nature of the earth instead of a computerized version of what might have been. 

Four Glyphs from Old Chichen

Four glyphs are not too hard to remember, once I had written out what I saw:
So bear with me a bit.

Old Chichen flyphs in the IMS  notice that came through June, 21-2, 2017 from Jim was a very informative glyph set about the arrival of a double comet.  Just four glyphs can be more informative than a whole page if one is aware of the Popol Vuh astronomy story, painted with a broad brush of the adventures of Seven Macaw, the Twins, and the people of the god Tohil. A great book to read.

Four Glyphs that may be read this way

The first glyph of the Old Chichen glyph set was a big wind on the left of the Earth glyph.

[If you do not know what comes first when a comet arrives too close to earth:
Check out the one that hit Washington, Oregon and South Canada
in 2008. It was a big roaring wind that came first, then the brilliance of the comet
and the rumbling of the ground;. Repeated again in 2013 in Lake Chebarkul, Russia
The wind knocked out windows and people standing near the glass did get hurt.
And if still not convinced, try the mini-comet that hit Lake Tagus in Canada photographed
by an amateur with sound as he made a video of the comet tail as it split in two.]

In the right column, the Second was illustrated as a double-faced monkey god,
one with mouth wide open [in shock?]  the other stuck to the back of the first MK
showed a second larger cleaned-up glyph of a new Monkey King  north-star version.

This happened when the big stones fell and the open mouthed MK was kicked out of
the North Star directional spot by the sudden "[rocking] of the earth to and fro"
The Hopi Native American tribe recorded it as the Ninth prophecy but
the Chilam Balam of the Chumayel also recorded it as a historical statement.

At the bottom left of the four glyphs; the third glyph shows a fat "venus"
glyph open to the left and two glyphs to the right of the "v' glyph:
one on top of the other. The top was the worm from the Land of the Dead that sent the double comets as two star circles in a "v" glyph frame to the Earth (the last part of that glyph set.

The last glyph of the four. showed a bright sun glyph  held in several tree branches
 (the Tree of the world [but also called the Tree of the Beautiful Rose in the Codex Ramirez] as the "The History of the Mexicans as told by their Paintings."  The Nuttall Codex also shows the same sun in a tree. . . .

[]I remember it [MIGHT be page 47]. in the left edge of the top row on that page.
In the Borgia Codex and others, the new Milky Way on the other side of the world, was called the Tree of the Warrior.) which according to many myths was new because of our very new 23.5 degree slant above and 23.5 deg. slant below the Equator. which added 5-days  to our original 360-day year.  It created our identifiable Tropic of Cancer (north) to the Tropic of Capricorn in the south. Both areas indicated that we actually have a 47 degree shift from the old North Star.]

The Wurzburger Museum in Germany has a stone peg-board with exactly 30-day work weeks for a complete year. 15 days on one side at the bottom and 15 days on the right side.

[The peg board can be found in G. Sesti's book The Glorious Constellations. about page 62. Just in case   I misspelled the name of the city museum The peg board at the top shows the different planets known at the time and under those icons are different gods of different months.  All have a peg hole so that the year can be completed just like our modern Santa Claus Days Before Christmas picture board with doors or windows to open each day. It was recorded then that Julius Caesar created a long year of 445 days to put farming back into proper star time.]

Glyphs are to be spelled via Landa's alphabet, the same way his example showed: It is to be used with foreign language words, not the stelae or the monumental wall panels. Even Linda Schele tried to tell most of you the process, but when one or two words were translated correctly with Landa's alphabet, no one considered a picture story any longer. Everything had to be properly spelled out as in european alphabets.

So do you best "to see" the story before you attempt to spell a glyph. It has been there for years.

Numbers in the Calendar Stone

INAH's drawing of the Calendar Stone

A Short Introduction to the Calendar Stone

In order for one to understand, the Calendar Stone for the story it tells, it is necessary to "break ranks" and read the Maya Popol Vuh. It is common knowledge that when one intends to study a subject, one must immerse one's self into the discipline and ignore everything else. Nahuatl is not in any of the Maya texts.

However. if one is going to understand the story behind the calendar stone, one must read at least Part I, Part II and probably Part III. Then when you think you know about both; try filling in the information with J, Henry Phillips, Jr. (1983) The History of Mexico according to its Paintings. which is the Ramirez Codex with calendar length of years for each of the four central events. It is always good to learned a little bit more about the rest of the world.

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Why go into the Aztec Sun Stone Calendar? For the best reason in the world. [One segment only is located below).  Five day names of the week as a corrected number of days per week; Ten squares for another 10 days creating the correct 15 days which is half of a 30-day month. Five 4-day columns only for milpa maintenance per a 5-day week as in the horizontal Trecena. The extra day is a "day of rest." Please note the bundle (brown) ties the five monthly rotating 4-day week  columns in each quarter of the Sun Stone calendar are necessary days for maintaining the milpa; in other words: The Trecena pattern.

There are 4-day columns of 3-year units rotating during each  of the 52-weeks in a common year [even with extra 5.25 day added] to the day counts. Each column rotates in the same manner that the vertical Trecena uses.

One can find the correct method for the horizontal method in the Madrid Codex in its Serpent calendar pages [M-12 to M-18].   Once you realize that all twenty days have to be settled into a five week span, beginning with IK then put in the second named unit MANIK of the four year count; [i.e.: IK, Manik, Eb, Caban]. your month spans should start with IK and end with Ahaw after each four units are completed with its twenty days. The third section would be started with EB with its twenty days. hm.m.m.m.

Why go into the Aztec Sun Stone Calendar? For the best reason in the world.; It also contains the full story of the arrival of two comets: one of the Night and one for the Day. Glyphs are always meant to be read. Yet, at most, students are contents to translate the more difficult to decode items with de Landa's spelling rules, even though there are usually easier to read basic components.

The weird system is the Four Ages of the Sun (here one segment only).  Five day names of the week as a corrected number of days per week; Ten squares another 10 days. Five 4-day columns were only for farming time per week as in the horizontal Trecena; the knotted bundle tying each of the five monthly 4-day week rotating day columns of each  quarter  of the Sun Stone calendar; in other words:

There are many 3-year units rotating each week of the 52 in a common year (ever with after 5.25 day-columns. Each column rotates in the same manner that the vertical Trecena does. Each column uses the style and form of the "One-armed Bandits" in gambling establishments except that the 52 weeks are not free rotating. They must follow the vertical and the horizontal counts exactly.

Its arachaeastronomy-names are brought down to common nominators like numbers found in the Codex Ramirez as  the 1883 paper The History of the Mexicans through their Paintings.

1 Central unit = Coatlicue
3 Ages of the Sun
  A EhecatL -  Wind,= 676 days/yrs;
   (B [1/2] Tlaloc   Fire  Rains = 364 +)  
   (C  [2/2] Chalchuitlque  Water 314 = 676 days/yrs  
   D Ocelotl   Caves, Cats, Hunger = 676 days/yrs

I attended a lecture on the Aztec Sun Stone recently.  An observant student who attended ask a question about the tiny circles of squares and points circling the stone between the compass points. She was told they did not mean anything; they were only there to fill the spaces. Hm.m.m

Chalchuitlque, Wife of Tlaloc, Second half of Third Age-Sun of Water, 2/2= 324 days

I had to think about that answer for a while. When I thought I knew what it was, I did a count of the four different Ages, then the tiny squares, and then, the Trecena count of 12.  No, that is not a mistake, it is only necessary for a 12 count because there are only three 4's for one harvest and then there are two years needed to bring back the nutriants needed to repair the depleted soil after the first year of a good harvest. During the second year the land must lay fallow and the third was "slashed" and "burned." [This is a Norse/Saxon method of farming called "svithinn." Karle Taube mentioned it in one of his earlier papers.]

The number 13 that which computer programming call a "continuous loop." The vertical Trecena can go on for centuries in groups of three years using the 13th number of the Trecena for looping the pattern as many years as was necessary.

I chose to color the above segment of the calendar stone because it was one of the two truncated, by  the two comet gods iconography. It truncated the ten square units [no color] after the five day names which together equaled the number 15. Just above the square units of ten, are three specifically "bundled" units of four [green] arrowheads separated by an "A" unit and a possible temple glyph.

Underneath the pointed units of four, there is a knotted "bundling" cord [brown] and under that is the [blue[ set of 5 loops. Over all are the [orange] flames of the burning serpentine comets as  the two circled the known world.

Once Rome decided in 1583 to add February 8th date as IMIX to the beginning of the count, as found in the Madrid Codex, it made a blithering mess at the end of the 52 proposed weeks, leaving 8 empty glyph blanks ready to accept the 5 extra days. It was an unnecessary step, since 1.015 degrees has already been added to each 360-day.

One can still use the correct method simply by omitting the IMIX from the horizontal method so the end result at 52 weeks will end either in AHAU or IMIX, even in the Madrid , using its Serpent calendar pages [M-12 to M-18].

One other item I remembered. Finally, I found a decent explanation from 1956 about the “Distance Numbers” for the Maya Calendar system
                     
“Let us permit our calendar year to gain
run the true year as fast as it will.
We will allow our calendar to function without change.

But when we erect a monument,
we will engrave on it,
In addition to the official calendar date of its dedication,
A calendar correction for that particular date.”
                                                                 [Morley, Sylvanus Griswold  (1956) The Ancient Maya,
                                                                                  Wonder Books: Frederick, MD,  3rd Edition, (Revised by                                                                                                             George Brainerd), Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, USA]

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[As an afterthought:  I finally figured out the 60 year cycle of the Chinese Calendar thanks to the above five day names per quarter of a year. I had thought it was much too complex for me to assimilate, but it works fine using the five day names under the guise of Air, Water, Wood, Metal and Central. Each of the year names had to carry one of the five day names for 12 months of the 360 or 365 days of the year. Therefore, every year had to complete sixty cycles, before the next set of day names were used. It seemed to me to be the vertical Trecena with five year names instead of four. i.e.: 5 years X  12 months =  60 units].  Whether it works out that way or not, it is now an understandable calendar in a very foreign language base.

Please note the Calendar cycle of four, I simplified to only three Ages of the Sun. i. e.; 

3 Ages of the Sun
  A EhecatL -  Wind,= 676 days/yrs; 
   (B [1/2] Tlaloc   Fire  Rains = 364 +)   
   (C  [2/2] Chalchuitlque  Water 314 = 676 days/yrs
   D Ocelotl   Caves, Cats, Hunger = 676 days/yrs

It most important number was 676 and it only appears in the sequence of Ages three times.

The Flood of Chalchuitlque and the subsequent "salida de las cuevas" occurred after the "rains of Turpentinea" or "of resin", which Tlaloc produced from the double comet as IYKOR, or long burning ash was just before the dropping of the huge stones into the Caribbean Sea; a natural sequence of events as a comet loaded with debris from another star; yet, said to be by Chalchuitlque, the Goddess of Water. 

Ehacatl has become the First Age of the sun because as noted in 2008 comet over Washington and Oregon and later in 2013 in Russia, the wind and the roar of the comet came first. Since the comets are illustrated by the two serpents surrounding the Aztec stone, [one night and one day equaling both to be the same comet with different names] it is unlikely that the Sun itself was what the stone was informing us about. It was only the double comet brighter than our Sun which came with a violent wind and a roaring discordant noise.

That which following the roaring wind was the ash fallout of Tlaloc's "rain of resin" or of "turpentine:" which could only be extinguished by the waters of his wife, Chalchuiltque and was called a deluge because so many people expired in it.

The last was the first part of the preparations to make a safe area for those who wanted to survive the horrible rains of resin and the flood.  Astronomers warned the people, but most with expensive homes thought they were safe anyway.   The poor who had mud and reed dwellings took what food they thought would be needed, water and fuel, to the caves on the mountainsides. They were told to seal up the entrances.

All was recorded in the Popol Vuh, as it occurred.  The rich, when they found their roofs of straw burning, ran for the caves but it was too late.  Only one person attempted to survive the mud from the bottom of the sea. and he sunk back into the mud, because others were afraid he was a spook.

Those who survived, found that  their supplies did not last very long. They were on the verge of starvation along with the jaguars and ocelots who had also repaired to the caves for safety. When men attempted to find their milpas, they found them destroyed. by the flooding.

Food was non-existent for the nativeswho had survived, but the jaguars found that men walking alone were free food for the taking. The men had to travel in groups to the milpas and eventurally food of a sort was found. The Maise God then became more important than Tohil, the old god.

The reason will be discussed in the other article here, as the "52-Year Cycle."
Calendar Stone of the Aztecs.
and in the Article "4 Ahau and 8 Kumk'u"

Acid Rains and Rising Oceans

Acid rain has been a problem every since cloud seeding for rain has been used in California and other towns including here in Austin Texas.

Cloud seeding is pretty high up in the sky. And when a jet stream lowers itself under 45,0000 feet (Ice making area of clouds) it sweeps the cloud seeds (chemical ones) over the land into Mississippi and further eastwards.

When that rain falls, it is not in California, nor in Texas but wherever the Jet stream drifts as it creates more clouds on the.way.  Producing horrible rain storms  even in European Alps. Or hasn't anyone been reading the weather reports for the last several years? The acid rains are also decimating the ocean reefs and producing so many sink holes in Florida they just raise the prices for building that will not last if the acid water chews up any more coral rock under the cities of Florida.

As for Oceans rising?  Get rid of those jetties that are isolating hotel  beaches or future tourist spots into the ocean. The destruction in Tapachula Mexico' t (80 miles away frnd Ri

sing oceansom the city) wiped also the extensive beach fronts but also beachfront homes,and the beautiful modern roads to those homes that no longer exist except in the memory of the young woman who used to play on the beaches there. Having seen what the jetty destroyed and returning to the states and then find out that hotels I used to work at on Miami Beach got flooded and had to be evacuated, while in Miami proper, street cafes have to build sea walls around their out door venues . . .. . drinking water is getting harder to supply, even Flagler Street was flooded to where people were actually canoeing down  the street in town.

Get with the facts of what is being done. .  l other that directly with the climate.  There is more, especially for the airports. The Tampa Tribune told us in 2007 that the asimuths on incoming runways had to be changed 10 degrees. A comment for that article stated that the military airports have been doing that since 1982.

I fugure the reporter got fired for even getting the information.  But climate changing planet by shifting away from North  has not stopped!

-----

D. M. Urquidi

dreemwea@gmail.

         

Glass in Incan Lands

Incan Glass Stonework

On May 12 2017, I was browsing the web and found this article on WordPress. “Evidence of Vitrified Stonework in the Inca Vestiges of Peru. by Jan Peter de Jong & Christopher Jordan The language of the article is very professional and has words I never read before.

“Vitrified stones are simply stones that have been melted to a point where they form a glass or glaze. There is much debate in archaeological circles over the ancient examples under study for two reasons. Firstly, few cases are known to have been tested and even if they have, there are many questions over how they were made.

Glassy rocks form naturally under conditions of high temperature and pressures found in and around volcanoes. Glass or glazes are traditionally created using a furnace. Furnace or kiln examples are found on everyday objects such as glassware and ceramics. The ceramics glazes are created by pasting certain finely crushed stones, sometimes with tinctures, onto fired pots and plates. The whole is then fired to temperatures usually in excess of 1000 degrees centigrade".

Glass erratic facings on stone walls and buildings in Peru are considered to be impossibly accomplished by normal means. The heat level needed is quoted as being 1000 degrees centigrade, which is even higher than our Fahrenheit degrees. It is more likely to be Kelvin degrees in our vernacular.

Kelvin has been assumed only to melt steel, but it can also create a shiny glass-like glass on decorative bricks. So if it is possible with bricks, why are the stones of Peru so strange? The reason is that many of the stones were used in situ. . . . a wall was "sort of carved out" of a boulder  so that  the
boulder appeared to have been set in place in such a way a knife blade no matter how fine could not be placed between the stones of the wall,

As usual, mythic animals and miraculous events are very seldom considered when geology or geography dissertations are presented.  As a professor told me in no uncertain terms "If you do not write it the way I want it, you will get an "F" as a grade." Of course, it took about 35 more years more to get to that point. And I was not and am not unhappy with the results.

The myth that came to mind  when I read the paper was one that I had researched a long time ago. Before I knew very much.  I was coming to terms with the Hawaiian myth of the Kelvin heated stones falling from the sky into the Pacific Ocean.  When they reached the water, they bounced in and out of the water, like hot grease bounces out of the frying pan when bacon is being cooked. Hot grease will burn the cook; the wall behind the stove; the floor and any other place it can reach as it bounces.

The best mythic description of such a fall-out into the ocean can be found in Melville, L. called The Children of the Rainbow. It was reported the natives saw this event from canoes and out-riggers. But, it is highly unlikely. Such a fall-out, one that violent, would have created a huge tsunami putting even the stable out-riggers in grave danger.

I tried to imagine what would happen if, as the fragments flew so fast, would it meet the curvature of the earth in transit. About that time, an article about such a spin appeared in Sky  & Telescope magazine  about strange grooves in the earth on the pampas of Argentina.

The  grooves as seen from the air, appeared to be done by a child "skipping stones over  "water," [of a creek]. there were gouges side-by-side all pointing southwest instead of northeast as normal comets do.

It was similar to the one that fell into Lake Texcoco from the Caribbean Sea and bounced backwardsinto the lake. It became known as Huitzilipochtl. The moment he was born, he fought Coyolxauhque, his sister and brothers the stars to keep them from killing Coatlique their mother. Huitzilipochtl, born in the Hill of the Serpents competed with Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl for the important actions each had taken.

Quetzalcoatl was a major contender because he had become a destroyer of the land. Huitzilopochtli carried them away from the Seven Caves where he had protected them into a land mostly of safety, water and finally prosperity. So the emperors honored Huitzilipochtli by wearing his colors and his symbols during their coronation ceremonies. Joyce Marcus gave complete reference in her book about the Maya Script and culture.

The largest chunks sped to the southwestern Argentinian Pampas, “skipping over the earth  "like pebbles skipping in a pond" [westward due to the curvature and the altered spin of earth, south of the equator.]” The smaller ones flew into the North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, to the mainland of Mexico.

An unknown quantity of those blazing fragments that fell into the Atlantic Ocean would have quickly exploded out of the waters of the Atlantic Deep. The smaller broken pieces because of less weight would have sped faster and farther than expected. They would have followed the curvature of the earth with some strange backward results.

Peru recorded such a drop. Only this one also passed westward through the mountain of Pachatusan in the Andes, then dropped into Lake Quibipay. It was thought a fiery monster had come through the mountain pass. This beast, who took this back road to Peru, was described as:

“a half a league long and thick, and two and a half fathoms in width and came by Yuncaypampa and Cinca, and from there it entered the Lake [of] Quibipay. Then two sacacas of fire came out of Asoncata; [one] came out of Asoncata, and [one] passed Pontina [mountain] of Arequipa, and yet another came down to and passing Guamanca”—-where animals with ears and fangs and whiskers, and with wings, spines like a fish, and ears, and tails and four feet on top of their backs; many appeared to them [to be] all fire.”

Now if the above fireball came through the mountain pass and dropped into Lake Quibipay, would that not be hot enough  [Kelvin degrees over 1000 degrees]: The stellar heat of these fragments was a thousand times hotter (as Kelvin) than the ocean temperature (as Fahrenheit or Celsius). As the waters boiled and erupted, meteorite fragments shattered and flew over a large area, (just as hot grease in a frying pan).

The largest chunks sped to the southwestern Argentinian Pampas, “skipping over the earth  "like pebbles skipping in a pond" [westward due to the curvature and the altered spin of earth, south of the equator.]” The smaller ones flew into the North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, to the mainland of Mexico.

C

Peru also recorded such a drop. Only this one "passed westward through the mountain pass of Pachatusan in the Andes, then dropped into Lake Quibipay." It was thought a fiery monster had come through the mountain pass. This beast was never a dragon or a beast of the mountains. It was the hottest fireball ever seen so low on the horizon. Would such a fiery ball be able to scorch and melt into glassy surface so many sundry stones and walls along the way?


__________________________________
Cobo, Bernabé Rek= (1611-1639) [d 1657] Relacion of the Discovery and the Conquest of the Kingdoms of Peru.

de Jong, Jan Peter  & Jordan Christopher, (2017) “Evidence of Vitrified Stonework in the Inca Vestiges of Peru." In WordPress of the World Wide Web, [May]

Leinani Melville, (1969) The Children of the Rainbow. [A book about Hawaii and its origins.]

Marcus, Joyce. (1992). Mesoamerican Writing Systems: Propaganda, Myth, and History in Four Ancient Civilizations.  First Edition, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Schultz,  P. H. (1992) Teardrops on the Pampas.  Sky  & Telescope.  April. 

Elotepec: The Mountain of God

Add Elotepec: Lost Territory or an Accurate Trajectory
in the Arc of the "Crescent Moon"

(RGS 3:15-51?) Relación Geográfica map of Teozacoalco) The map Teozacoalco map give us a record of the boundary revision by using two sets of boundaries; one from before and one from after Elotepec was its subject. Appearing on the same inscribed circle as Teozacoalco’s other boundaries are nine logographs naming its new boundaries with Elotepec. The old boundaries that embraced Elotepec’s territory are added along an arc that rises like a crescent moon from the main circle.

     Why would this artist have felt compelled to include two sets of boundaries, one of them old and inoperable on this map? It seems likely that an earlier map, made while Elotepec [Mountain of God] was still under Teozacoalco’s domain, initially showed one set of boundaries. After Elotepec was re-assigned Teozacoalco’s cabildo revised its map by adding in the new boundary line. When the Relación Geográfica’s mapmaker made his map, he simply copied the two sets of boundaries that appeared on the earlier map.[1]

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The above quote was information I acquired about the Mixtec Teozacoalco Map. I had learned about it the the manner stated above and never looked at it since 1997 when I had made an 8.5 X 11" color copy of it and put it into my files. It was such an ugly map that I thought little of it.

In Mar 23, 2013, I was searching for other information and happened upon the full version of the map I had copied. I was shocked. I saw and understood the archaeoastronomy message that it carried. By writing it out, and trying to determine what some of the glyphs meant, I also encountered a familiar name glyph: Three Dog. It connected to the Christmas festival of Rabanos [Radishes] in the year 2007. Also about an astronomy event. . . .

Three Dog on his path to where
the Stars are seen upside down

That fits perfectly into the Mixtec Crescent arc over the map of Teozacoalco; especially since the Mountains of God are included at the end of the arc; about to be cut apart by an axe from the sky.

Three Dog was the astronomer student who went to Observation hill on Sandy River where the stars could be seen upside down.

Basically, he went because his parents wanted an oracle/astronomer/astrologer who could aid them in their new kingdom with correct prophecies from the stars. He learned how to triangulate the stars so he could pinpoint a good location for a temple or for a palace. Such things work out well when the astronomer can be trusted. These last two paragraphs are my imagination and nothing more.since I have never been a ruler or a queen.

How long have the Mixtec people known about the story of Three Dog? How many scholars have questioned the Mixtec about what they knew about Three Dog and where he went? Someone or many Mixtec natives know the story very well, or it would never have been in the Festival of the Radishes in 2007.

The very fact that the dog was placed in front of the Maize God is important. It is quite possible that he was born after the birth of the Maize God. And it was his parents that began the reconstruction of the cities Apoala and Tilantongo while Three Dog was learning his craft on Observation HIll at Sandy RIver.

The reconstruction of many cities are in the Codex Vindobonenses. Was it after the Blue Star Man and his companion the white winter person made it possible to rebuild? Ie.: Colder weather, but not freezing weather, was more comfortable to work with the building materials.

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Now is the time to evaluate the astronomy of the arc, and not the lost territory theory.

What Can Be Seen Attached to the Crescent Arc?

A cradle
A bright "sun"
Cancer, a Constellation
Gemini, another Constellations
The Milky Way: A river of star

A bright star in Lyra over Vega
A Tree growing and barely reaching the Crescent Arc
Orion, a Constellation [on a pedestal ?]
An axe falling on a double peaked mountain
A vague circle, may be the Moon
The end of the Crescent Arc. showing a dark element

Going Backward On the Map Edge

An animal with a curled tail
A name glyph for Three Dog
A dead serpent Draco, around the small tree reaching up behind Orion
Ophiuchus next to the Milky Way
Two unknown constellations to the left of the Milky Way
The Cradle where it all started.

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To start with the Cradle under the "Sun"
If the left of the map is the northwest corner of the map
it CANNOT be the SUN
ONLY comets are born in the northwest: in the Land of the Dead
A case in point:

The God of  Death:
First view of the Venus Glyph
with two raucous star/comets leaving
the Land of the Dead [West]
as a single-shaft double-spear of light.

Conclusion

The axe was one of the most important stones that fell from the sky on the map of

Teozacoalco. Did Three Dog see the event, or did he hear about it?

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[1] Mundy. Barbara E. (1996) The Mapping of New Spain: Indigenous Cartography and the Maps of the RE. , (1996) Relaciones Geográficas. University of Chicago Press.

[2] Raisz, Erwin (1964) Land Forms of Mexico

A 52-year Cycle?

Why a Fifty-Two Year Cycle?  

In Aztec, the names of the double comet are Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl, the celestial dog who fell to earth to allow the "Sun" (Quetzalcoatl) to live. [In Maya myth, the Sovereign Serpent was mentioned before the Creator Father/Mother. yet, long after the vain appraisal of importance by Seven Macaw.
  

The Maya had their story of the event as the Twins, Hunahpú and Xbalenqué is an assumption that the Aztecs, began ruling other areas of the Maya, i.e. Tikal, El Zotz, Kaminaljuyu, Copan, etc, and the "Sovereign Serpent" had to replace the original Maya myth [with a reference to the Aztec version of Quetzalcoatl and Xolotl] for political reasons.

The Maya went one step farther. They created Seven Macaw as the pre-comet event, to explain why Quetzalcoatl became a rainbow serpent with the loss of his metallic eye decorations. Izapa Stela 22 and Stela 67, show before and after the arrival of the rainbow, The rainbow information seems to have come from Peru, where the rainbow had a complete room in the temple dedicated to it alone. The two-headed serpent who held up the boat of the snaggle-toothed god, but, the serpents were attached to a belt and pointing downward as the golden god of Peru, which I show here as a constellation. [yet the belt is the boat the hanging serpents are holding down; on the same boat of both Izapa stelae]

The route of this information came through the village of Kaminaljuyu. An iconic carving of a monkey-man with rainbow glyphs on his extremities, and a double-headed serpent held coiled overhead, seems to incorporate all elements of the disaster of the serpent/comet and the arrival of a rainbow element as the tale moved northward into the Maya area.

At no time, are any of the glyphs or pictures the exact same shape as drawn by the original artist in Peru, It is all well and good to trace exact variants within similar stelae in a specific area, but when the distance gets longer, the artwork changes drastically.

Here one can re-evaulate the 52 year Cycle based on the Trecena 13, without understanding why the Trecena was actually used. The calculation used for the 52-year cycle is: 676 divided by 13 equals 52. 

Since the Trecena is an agricultural number and not associated with the arrival of the two comets, [on of night and the other of the day]. The calculation, as stated above, was used by an early anthropologist as "676 divided by 13 equals 52." It was a great guess. It had another purpose----one found in the Madrid Codex with the Serpent calendar pages, since proven to be highly inaccurate.

 In section[s] of those pages, the serpent[s] face backward. And each of the backward serpents have something to do with the comet arrivals; All are facing towards the left with halved figures, on the left side of the page, with the rest of the god on the right side of the previous page. This is a clear indication that the Codex was to be read to the left. Since even the Chinese once read their characters to the left, this is not a problem for any culture if they chose to do the same.

The Madrid did not finish the calendar because it could not (with four days per week) created 52 weeks for that series of days. In the last IMIX and IK columns near the very end of the calendar. The artist failed to create the 52 weeks with the 5.25 extra days in the 365-day year. It just would not work out, either with the IMIX or with the IK as the first glyph of the "Trecena." Even the stars refused to set themselves in their old places in the sky.

The proof of a correct 52-year cycle came when the expected arrival of the comet in 2012 did not materialize. Actually, it had already come in 2008. It lit up Mount Rainier like a Christmas Tree. The children ran to their parents thinking that T-Rex was stomping around outside; the earth seemed to be trembling and the noise was like the "movie roars" of T-Rex. [Parents groggy with sleep thought they had slept through their alarm clocks and now were late for work: at least until they turned on the TV or radio and found out it was only a meteorite rushing across the sky.]

However, there is a great problem with the division presented above.  The 52 is designated as a group of years. Yet, the Eurasian agricultural world knows that food is produced on a yearly basis, beginning with spring, summer, autumn, and winter. They followed the stars during those seasons and had crops every year----celebrating a good harvest with new clothing and new implements for their farm. Some people even built new homes during the winter season, if it was not too cold.

Why The 52-year Cycle Became a Reality

When Spain conquered the New World, the decision was made by the rulers of Spain, because the native population counted only on their fingers and maybe even used their toes there was no way they knew what a 360-day year was or when a 365-day year evolved. Only the glorious ancient Roman ruler, Julius Caesar, was supposedly capable of re-adjusting the stars by mandating a longer year of 445-days in the first century so the seasons would realign with European farming methods.

The whole of both Americas supposedly was only inhabited by primitive natives.  The Trecena was taken from the three sections of four circles within small triangles [Green] directly under three fire glyphs {Orange] of the two serpents on the stone.The large star between the four circles probably was meant to be a knot on the cords of a single year  [Brown].  So the 52-year cycle was a decision made for the strange stone calendar age 676-years and was thought to be very appropriate..

                 
         

                            His wife, of the great waves of water

The extra number of the Trecena,  the 13th at the end of the count, is only a repetition of the very first. It is for the continuation of the first twelve numbers and it is called, in computer programming, a loop command. 

The second number of the count is necessary after the first milpa so the land should lie fallow until it can assimilate the nutrients necessary for another good harvest of maize. The other two years [#5 and #9] follow the same three-year cycle with each new revolution of the Trecena which is based upon a farm schedule called in northern Europe, a Swidden Agricultural cycle.

The process called Swinden did not begin until the IXth century AD during the Classic Maya period. According to Karle Taube in [1983,7] in his paper titled "The Classic Maya Maize God: A Reappraisal"  [In  Fifth Round Table, Pre-Columbian Art. Ed.: Merle Greene [1985, 171-181], San Francisco, California.]                                

The raw question is "Why would farmers who always followed the stars to plant, and reap their crops ever consider a 52-year cycle, when they lived in a 52-week, 360-day world? before a major disaster struck the land.

As a theoretical question, it tells us that the formulae for computing the calendar glyphs are done in a manner which does not honor the agricultural time scale of the Trecena. The corrections can be found in the Madrid Serpent pages,  The Madrid was set up to read the Ik, Manik, Eb, Caban sequence with insertions of 19 days of 4 days per week between each of the four Trecena markers across. It was the across set, that was started in 1583 by church mandate, [whatever that was during the Inquisition] so that the across sequence failed to create 52 weeks. 

The church effort to align the Mesoamerican calendar system with the European meant that 0 POP was designated as the first month of the year. IMIX was added in front of the Serpent pages  [M-12] to be the very first day of the year. As can be seen on the last page of the Serpent sequence, [M-18] the effort to create such a pattern failed miserably. It failed mostly because no month names had ever been given, the Church decided that such names would assist researchers later to compare the two systems. As it is, The Book of the Years by Edmonson stated:

"Mixtec Month Names remain linguistically' undocumented." (1968, 211)

It may have been because there never were any months before that time in the Mesoamerican calendars.  0 POP began on  July 26 of the European year but IMIX  was taken from the European date of February 8, 1583. kK, EB, Caban, Manik.

The same sequence read downwards the same way.  Both across and down weeks revolved individually just as the lemons and cherries on the One-armed Bandits of Gambling halls in Reno, Las Vegas, and Atlantic City.  Only the vertical Trecena was more sedate. It only changed in proper sequence  from country to country:

The Trecena count was reported by Jose Castilo-Torre who claimed he used the Imperial version: IK, MANIK, EB, CABAN. Guatemala was the first to alter the original count which is:  IK, EB. CABAN, MANIK. 

Since Guatemala's version is just a dislocated version of the assumed Imperial version and the Madrid Serpent Pages, without the IMIX, I feel that the series starting with IK is a correct ancient version.

 The Maya version is an English transcription:  HOUSE. RABBIT, REED, and FLINT.

Landa's version is far off base, but it may have been the one used in the Yucatan. I doubt it though since the Madrid Serpent pages do combine to make a 360-day; 52-week year. It only failed when it attempted to add the IMIX and the extra "dead" days.  The Borgia Codex count succeeded because it isolated the 260-day count of the Trecena in the middle of the 364 + 1.  It inferred that the top and bottom rows were the Saturday and Sunday of our common calendar.

Landa's version was: AKBAL, LAMAT, BEN,  ET'ZAB.  No matter which is being used, there is little done with the "Year-Bearer"s except with the Mixtec translations by John Pohl and Robert Williams. They worked out the years with the 13 count for each of the 20 days and did years for each of the Mixtec Codices that are available. (See the Madrid Serpent Calendar.)

By doing the Trecena with each group of 20-days, it makes an uneven count throughout the centuries, which probably was what Rome determined was proper at the time. That way there would be no conflict between European dates and Meso-american attempts at correlating the calendar with Eurasian dates of the Borgia Codex, over eight pages, just like the Serpent pages of the Madrid. Saturdays and Sundays are festival days to be considered as community action.

In the Borgia, the weekends are considered to be Rome's version of crude people with no education. This premise is repeated in the rest of its pages.