Turmoil in the Sky

A Blanket: A Magliabecchiano
Codex Version.

There are a variety of stelae in the Maya area that show the same turmoil in the sky as the above blanket. However, the blanket, in color and glyphs, show the sky closer to the Popol Vuh version found on pages 68 to 74. (Tedlock, 1996)

The beginning of the story started in error and is found in Part IV of the Popol Vuh. The First Age is actually the last age after the survivors left the caves.  The Second Age then takes the first position in the story of the disaster beginning in Part One.
of the Popol Vuh.

The clay manikins who softened and dissolved [in water]------not to worry about it.  The next set of manikins were made of wood.   These natives actually fled for the caves. However. he cave were "shut in the faces of those who had not listened to the advice of the astronomers of that era.

The gods decided that the second set was just as useless as the clay men. They decided to end their existence with a flood that was high enough to cover the mountain tops. [This is according to the information given by INAH regarding the Aztec Sun Stone]

So first came the burning fire  and rain of resin [of turpentine]. The fiery dust soon became large stones that began to fall on the land and into the water of the Gulf and of the Atantic Ocean.  Larger ones fell into the Puerto Rican trench and caused a sheer thrust to pass through the land of the Aztecs. It separated the two mountains Popocatepetl and ixtacuihuatl on its way to Baja California, and met the cleft between the mainland and Baja that is still called the San Andreas Fault. The water between the two pieces of land, because of the outflow of the Colorado River, became the Red [mud] Sea. [Cortes sailed on the Mar Vermejo {Red Sea} soon after the conquest of Tenochtitlan.]

Stela 22: Izapa - Turmoil in the Sky
V. Garth Norman: Plate 36

Stela 67: Izapa - After the Event
V. Garth Norman: Plate 54

And the stones that fell into the water in the Gulf of Mexico bounded up and down until they sped in different directions until water of the Gulf cooled the stones enough that they lay dormant on the sea bed. But not until several gods were delivered to different places, like Huitzilopochtli to Lake Texcoco; a fire ball roaring through the mountain pass, as a beast with spines of fire on his back, to Cuzco, Peru and several stones landed in the Pampas of Argentina, grazing the curved land as if boys were skipping the great stones over the of waters of a lake or of a pond. Argentina too, had myths about those stones, that tell of  a fiery beast that sped westward.

Both pictures above show a boat in two different situations with the same snaggle-toothed man under the same sky-roof slanted at 23.5 degrees. The turmoil in the sky is very apparent in Stela 22. All the dragon-serpents have squared eyes. That is to say: They are amazed at what is happening in the Sky above. This is a Teotihuacan modismo: "Mis ojos son cuadrados." that I was fortunate to hear and understand during a dinner one day in Tapachula. Chiapas.

Stela 67 was partially destroyed, so the roof there is only half visible, but the angle is still the same. It shows the rainbow of the sky, which is the promise of no more burning rains. It does not show the Egyptian Ankh, More likely Snaggle-tooth is holding two of the sky-serpents. The sky-bands for the gods below each of the stelae are in the helmets of both versions. The fish are only necessary to show that the waves were of the sky [salt*] river, the Milky Way.

Stela 67 is the event after the great turmoil that has a Stela on page 42 of the Uxmal Official Guide [dated March 15, 1978] showing the very same sky disturbance, with men dying under the platforms and a fiery roof {of feathers**] overhead with large-beaked individuals at the side viewing the action.

The geologists still insist the event happened about 65 million years ago. But no one can explain how mankind could recall something that occurred before they populated the earth. It seems that the Iridium layer that killed all the marsh animals, is the culprit here. The iridium layer is star materials that fell as burning resin or turpentine of the Popol Vuh.  

Therefore, the star-dated materials had to be from prehistoric or pre-creation times. No telling how long that star material was heating up in a spinning star in the process of dying before it turned completely blue and exploded. As a result it met the double comet head-on as it came from the northwest, the Land of the Dead, shown in the Dresden Codex [D-47b ] with its complete story, just as it was told in the Popol Vuh.

_________________________

*   Salt is used here to indicate the shimmery effect of the multiple stars. It is an  amazing sight that I have only seen once in my lifetime. They were so close and so     bright and sparkling, just as salt in sunlight.

** "Feathers" indicate fire in the Aztec glyphs.

Aztec Calendar Stone and its Times: Part One

The Aztec Cslendar Stone, [Cuauhxicalli] Eagle's Bowl weighs 25 tons and its diameter is 3.6 meters. It was discovered buried in the Southeast corner of the zocalo [main plaza of the city of Mexico] on December 17, 1760. Don Joaquin de Monaserrat, Marquis of Cruillas. was Viceroy of New Spain at that time.

Later it was taken to the Metropolitan Cathedral and placed o the West Tower until 1885 when President Genera Porfirio Diaz ordered its transfer to the National Museum of Archaeology and History. It had been carved  during the reign of the 4th Aztec Axayacatl and dedicated to the Sun God. It has both Myth and Astronomical characteristics.  [This information has been taken from a flyer done by INAH.]

Its most important features are the glyphs for the Four Ages of the Sun and the two serpents of fire---one of the night and the other, the day---that surround the stone at its outer edge.  Coatlicue, with her tongue as a  obsidian knife, and great claws, is its natural center. However, most of its historical information is contained in the research done  regarding the Four Ages of the Sun.

":  First Age was called the Sun of Oceletoatiuh.  It was the most remote of the four epochs in which giants lived on the mountains. They had no agriculture; they only ate wild fruits and roots and lived in the caves. Evenutally, the jaguars attacked and devoured them. This Aztec Epoch goes back to the Quaternary era, since bones of Pre-Deluvian animals were found buried in deep gullies below dense Lythospheric layers."  The years atributed to this age is 676 years. (For all Ages of Sun: Leon-Portilla, 1963, 38-39)

True, the animals found in the deep gullies were pre-Deluvian. The People who lived in the caves did have to eat wild fruit and roots, but that was because they were close to starvation themselves. Their food supply had run out before the Sun finished its journey of 676 days, which is more probable than 676 years. They would have died in the first year or two if they had to wait until the 676 years were over since no food was available outside of the caves for a long time after the flood.

What? After the flood? But that did not come until the fourth era. Does that mean that this first era was actually the fourth?  

"The Second Age was named Ehecatonatiuh [Sun of the Wind]. (364 years) When the winds subsided, all humanity---outside of the caves---were destroyed. Those in the caves were then thought to have survived because the gods turned them into apes. so they could cling better to the trees and not be carried away by the hurricanes. Yet, large forests had been razed by tornados." So it was unlikely that the people in the caves became monkeys.  Since the great winds came with the gods, but before the flood, it should be the First Age of the Sun, not the Second.

The Third Age of the Sun---that of Quiauhtonatiuh, the Sun of the Fire-Rains and Lava--(312 years) -then should be the Second Age. But it is here that I digress.

The Third Age of the Sun and the Fourth Age called Atonatiuh [Sun of Water] is the wife of Tlaloc, the god of the Fiery Rains. And being married, they must share the same house. Therefore, since the Fiery-Rains came after the great winds, and the flood quenched the burning rains [as was found in the Popol Vuh], this must not be a Fourth Era only a Third. and when the years of the two eras are added together, they equal 676, then it must be so. And the very First Era of the Sun becomes that Third Era and the Second becomes the First.

In other words:

            The First Era                    Ehecatonatiuh [Sun of the Wind]--676 yrs

            The Second Era               Quiauhtonatiuh, the Sun of the Fire-Rains/Lava--364 yrs

                                                              and Atonatiuh [Sun of Water] --312 yrs

            The Third Era                   Sun of Oceletoatiuh. The God of the Night Skies--676 yrs

When the God of the Fire-Rains began to drop burning resins, all the people and animals ran into the houses for protection. But when an earthquake knocked down the houses; the grinding stones fell from the shelves, together with the ollas and platos, supposedly attacking the humans. The roofs caught fire from the fiery rains. (Tedlock, D. 1996, 72)  The people ran for the caves on the side of the mountain. But the caves slammed shut in their faces. [Ibid, (1996, 73) It was then that the water came roarng in from the sea, and fell over all the land, all humanity who had not listened to the astronomers were lost.

So the rains of resin or of turpentine, fell from the sky in the first era. However,  the lava did not come until the stones fell from the sky and created earthquakes. So earthquakes had been left out of the tale completely. But not so in the Popol Vuh. Kab'racan was destroyed by Hunahpu and Xbalenque, the blazing two-entity comet that was illustrated on the wall-mural of Chichen Itza.

            The First Era                    Quiauhtonatiuh, the Sun of the Fire-Rains/Lava

            The Second Era               Ehecatonatiuh [Sun of the Wind] 

                                                       Sun of Oceletoatiuh. The od of the Night Skies    and 

            The Third Era                 Atonatiuh [Sun of Water] 

The Second version of the four suns might be a better explanation of the two serpents around the rim of the Sun Disk which were comets of fire; one that came during the night and the other that out-shone the sun, so that it was the Sun had set a mirror in the sky at noon and returned to the east. (Ibid, 161 and Note on page 304)

Within the "Secrets of the Aztec Sun Stone," more information about the last age Ocelotonatiuh which was considered to be the oldest and therefore the very first age of the sun. After the Russian 2013 comet, one finds  Ehecatonatiuh actually is the forerunner of any comet's arrival.

So, it should be “The First [Second] Epoch or age of the sun. The Fire Rains was the next and the Sun of Water extinguished the fires of the "rain of resin" or of "turpentine from Tlaloc's passage. His wife quelled the fires because she cooled his intensity which turned into the fires that began to burn not only the roofs of the homes, but also the backs of all animals, wild and tame, as in the Russian comet of 1911 when animals were found with burns on their backs.

That left the age of Ocelotonatiuh, the Janguar which  “was the Fourth [First] and least [most] remote of the Four Cosmogonic Epochs; in which the giants who had been created by the Gods, lived. They did not till the soil and lived in caves. Ate wild fruits and roots, and were finally attacked and devoured by the Jaguars….” The basic epoch of the Aztecs goes back to the Quatngbernary, since they discovered bones of pre-Diluvian animals buried in deep gullies below dense Lithospheric [Earth turned to stone] Layers.

The mud from under the sea which came with the great waves covering the mountain tops, is Cretaceous, but not of an age on top of the earth. It came from the depths of the ocean where the stones of the comet fell. After the stones stopped dropping from the sky, there was a fine layer of dust called Iridium, which gave us, not the age of the earth, but the age of the star that exploded in the sky previously and the Twin comet picked up, only to dust the earth after the main drop of stones.

Why the jaguars? Both men and animals, fled to the caves for protection of the fires. The men [and women] brought supplies of food, and fuel. But even those supplies ran out before the three events past overhead. When the men attempted to leave the caves to see about what was left of their homes, the jaguars also left in order to look for food.. None being available, the jaguars attacked lone men. So the next set of humans that left the caves, joined together to help protect each other. Hence, the Age of the Jaguars, came after the fiery rains and the wall of water. The survivors who eventually saw the "birth of the last blazing sun" were not in the best of condition. Their clothing was worn out, their food was gone. Tohil, the old god, no longer could protect them, Quetzalcoatl, the Sovereign Serpent, became the New god of that age, which continues even to today.

Really, the combined tales of the Maya and the Aztecs do connect. Both are convoluted stories that have their narrators hidden, even though all are in plain sight at all times. The "Narrators" (Ibid, 1996, 63) are the words that are to be spoken, no more; no less.

Ketu: The Serpent with a Star Head

Draco or Ketu serpent with star head

The  star, Draco, as the star head of a sky serpent, is an astronomy entity, that also wears the name of Ketu, who became Vishnu. 

However, Shiva, the serpent of fire, with a magic disk, battled with Ketu, and split him into two elements of the sky.

It seems that as two elements of the sky, he was the broken tree where, Vega, a neighbor to a flaming nova, resided. There was a shift of our magnetic north, and Draco was no longer our North Star beacon. 

Shiva, as the serpent of fire, sped on his way, unconcerned with the turmoil in the sky. He had other things to attend to. The fires he sent out from his third eye, when his wife playfully covered his two eyes, were causing havoc with his earthly domain. It had to be rectified quickly.

Quick he patched the star tree, upside down to  the roots of the northern tree and visited a small domain, he had discovered when he slipped through a narrow mountain pass on the other side of the sea before he succeeded in connecting the star trees. It was a bit crooked but it was sufficient to create a beautiful road from pole to pole.  Then he returned home to his wife. He told her he had dedicated the beautiful new roadway to her because he wanted her to remember that his care of the world was his main work. The road was for her to plant roses so her flowers would bloom with perfume. Thus she became busy with the flowers and Shiva could take cae of the earthlings.

Three Great Waves

A Rocky Coast, in an Unknown Land

A map is not only a map, it can carry more information than expected. The Gronland Map by S. Stefansson, is one such map. It was found in another book entitled The Vineland Map and the Tartaar Relation. Plate XVII: Map of the North, Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark.[1]

The Vineland Map and the Tartaar Relation.
Plate XVII: Map of the North Sea,
Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark.

I found this map and consider it another map that contains anti-political (of the time it was created) rendition of an older map or maps, that once was in the cartographer's possession. In actuality is a sea map that shows the countries in a certain latitude near the main area of Greenland. However, the west coast appears to have Baja California and a section of the east, that includes the Yucatan, the Gulf of exico and Florida.  It is a simple procedure of putting land where there is sea water and lake water instead of the islands which are so obvious.

It is a very crude rendition of the North American Continent, but a description of Karlfin Porfinni in an earlier voyage, to somewhere, described the fishing weirs of the Aztecs in Lake Texcoco comparing the nets used to catch fish with threshing poles of his homeland because of the clacking sounds [very like the swinging threshers] were so clear to him. The crystal mountains, Popocatepetl and Ixtacuihuatl, forever covered with snow were mentioned. He also described a fish that I saw on the Gulf in an estuary behind the beach: a baby manta ray, very small, covered with sand with only its eyes showing.

Greenland (Gronland) has a strange story of three super waves that once inundated the land. Ireland also has a strange historical statement: that of a monk in an isolated cliff side monastery who claimed to have seen the sea on fire.

Now such a sea fire could have been a sailing ship sent out as a flaming funeral pyre which was common in the 11th century AD, however, such can never explain the three huge waves that hit Gronland, [Greenland] so many previous eons ago or even in later centuries.

After the time the Vinland book was published, Nature Magazine ran a research paper about the off-shore oil rigs in the North Atlantic Sea by co-authors: Lubonir F. Jansa, and  Georgia Pe-Piper, [my correspondent in 1987] [2].

"Extraterrestrial," as a word, was popular during that year.  A California researcher, had just discovered that an iridium layer was the reason that all the huge prehistoric creatures of the swamplands near rivers were wiped out. Jansa and Pe-Piper's paper also mentioned that a 0.22% layer of iridium was identified in the concentric craters near the oil rigs. Concentric, means having a common center, a common occurrence with a multiple meteorite fallout.

Now between Ireland [3] and Nova Scotia, there were the three huge waves of water that inundated Greenland (Gronland). In Ireland---the moonk'a name was Saint Columkile---a name as fake as the Greenland map.BUT the map is NOT a fake, it just has more information in it than one would expect from a time when people knew little about cartography, and books as we know them were rare.

The name of the monk is not fake either, nor was the name Rosault It actually tells about the column of water that killed, first the fish in the sea, then the birds in the air and finally men and beasts on the land. The manuscript, the Book of the Dun Cow and has such myths about rare beasties.

The beastie serpent of the sea had three more names: beast, piast and nathir [serpent].  A name for each of its journeys out of the great well.  Another tale, was about the fairy palaces under the sea that were ablaze with lights, gems and gold. It seems to me that the monk was corrext in saying the "sea was on fire." when the water serpent rose from the depths of the ocean.

Of course, the whole world recovered that big splash into the North Atlantic Sea and all was forgotten. The survivors were too busy trying to restore their homes and farmlands.

What? There were survivors who needed to restore their homes and farmlands? How ridiculous! The iridium layer was dated  more or less 65 million years ago. And humans did not appear on the earth until 25 million years ago. 

Yet, there are many tales around the world about a great blue star in the sky that was self-destructing just as a pair of comets passed by. The comets picked up the debris when that star exploded and carried much of it to earth.[5]  The complete story, with dates[6], can be found in the Maya highlands. There are many monuments there---and other places in the world---that tell of the turmoil in the skies besides a detailed history of the event.

The waves in the seas that roared inland and covered the mountain tops have been recorded there also. Tsunamis? Before such inundations were even identified and named? There is no record? Yet the Cretaceous era of Geology on land has never been accurately dated.

So which ancient history can verify, or at least relate to such destruction? 

A more recent  tsunami the 27th of July 1998, had a schoolgirl quesstion a University of Ssouthern California volunteer geologist and he was bothered a bit by it. She asked why the sea was on fire? He could give no answer, because Water does not burn. He assumed it wwas the dinoflagelletes that had been disturbed by the force of the tsunami.  she was obviously imagining things.

But what if Saint Columkille of Ireland;  the Greenland three wacves were real;; the CEPC research; and the girl survvivor at Papua, NG were correct and the sea had been on fire because of a huge meteorite that hit the water, a distance from the islands?  It is really something to consider, I thuink.

_________________________________

1  Skelton,  R. A. et al.  (1965) The Vineland Map and the Tartar Relation. Yale University Library, New Haven: Yale Printing Press. Plate XVII: Map of the North, Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark.

2  Jansa, Ludonir, F. [1]; Georgia Pe-Piper [2] (1987) First Impact Crater of an Extraterrestrial Body  into the Ocean Identified;^ [1] Geological Survey of Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanograhphy, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia and [2] Department of Geology at St. Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.

3  Joyce, P. W. (1908) A Smaller Social History of Ancient Ireland. Second Edition, Dublin: Long mans Green and Company.

4  Iridium University of California. Department of Geology.

5  Miller, Mary, and Taube, Karl  (1993, 167) The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London: Thames and Hudson, (See Tlaltecuhtli).

6  Urquidi, D. M. (2010) A Ten-Sun Day, Lulu.com Printing.  [Dates are on the stelae; but not in this book. A list is of many of the dates are in an unpublished (2003) Maya Stelae  (375 sites) with rulers separated with their individual dates..

A Kachina Called "Chasing Star"

Chasing Star with his mask is always identified by the great blue star face. He carries a yucca whip in his hand. The whip is to threaten small laughing  children, quite harmless, but it does sting a little if and when it connects to a child's bare skin, which is not very often during the fun times during the Hopi celebration. He also carries noisy bells that announce his presence.

Chasing Star also has a companion, a sort of a "jester" who helps him with the clamouring children around them, The mask that hides his face helps him to have
a voice change, so no one knows who he is.

However, the  Blue Star on the mask is strange and many people can not explain  why this clown is so much fun for the children. No one seems to have any memory
of its significance.  Their tales of creation give no clue as to any meaning since no
one has ever seen a "blue" star in their life time.  Stars in the the desert skies are always like brilliaint diamonds, especially early in the morning just before dawn when the sky is the darkest.

The isolation of the Hopi on the mesas during the government control during the 17th and 18th centuries and the schooling by the Great White Father, helped to create a new empty space in the memories of tribal lore.

One must travel the world of books to find the blue star that truly rocked the world. However, if one would begin with the Hopi prophesies one can find the answer. The Hopi Elders devised the same methods as did the Europeans during the Dark Ages: Place the information in the wrong place and make it visible to all.

There are nine prophesies and eIght of them are actual historical events. The eighth is the atomic bomb. The  ninth is the information about the BLUE STAR. It is the only one that is an actual past event verified by traditional lore in many different cultures and inferring that it was a very real future threat to the world.

The Blue star was once a nova that is now called the Ring Nebula.  Before it expanded and exploded it was just like the Toddler Star in the McNeil Nebula today.  At first, it was a normal white star. After it started to age, it became brighter than the moon and just as impressive. It finally changed color again and became the "magical" Blue Moon.

The Toddler Star that NASA found in the McNeil nebula is now a red Star. It eventually became the color oF Aphrodite's odd blue ichor that came from a wound in her wrist. Just ass the red color of the Toddler Star that has as it s north and south poles, two bright blue areas, will get hotter and hotter, the Blue heat inside will cover both hemispheres of the star globe.

Amazingly enough, there is another nebula in the sky that is a hand with a short arm section, that not only shows such a dark area in the wrist. It is part of the constellation Circinus called The Compass.   It was even painted into a picture by Holbein during the time of St. Thomas More.  I have for a long time believed that Saint Thomas was deliberately done away with because he had learned about the blue imagery of power.

Since the Turkish Empire grew in strength during the Middle Ages, at the time when the Blue Star was to be replaced----about the time after the Crusades----because it had become a very strong symbol of power, Since research on the Iliad woecifically noted that the Nausikia part of the story may have been a recent addition, I got curioous about the word ICHOR and actually found the word KOR in Turkish.  There was a translation school in Baghdad also had complained bitterly that many Syrian and Greek texts that they were able to copy, were badly in need of repair.

The "excuse" made the way for other languages to be inserted into texts that meant little to the Syrians or Greeks, but we're able to tell future readers that it the manuscript came from a later century. I.E. Spanish"Hay de mi"  was made into a short Greek phrase ("Egw de mi."* and if put into English, it is, "I de me!") in the Odyessy when after the shipwreck, Odysseus found himself without clothes [naked] in front of Nausikia, a beautiful maiden who came down to the water to wash clothes.

What does KOR mean?  It translates as "red hot cinders" comparable to the rain of resin or turpentine that was recorded in the Popol Vuh as falling from the skies in
Mayalands. "Red hot cinders" that appeared to come from a nebula that looked like a hand of God with a bleeding wrist but only if you look at NASA's presentation of the "  "Hand of God."

 The problem with research is that when one discovers tales that just might refer to astronomy, the immediate responose is what do the natIves know about astronomy. There is no doubt that because native equipment that was not technical as we not understand the word "Technical"  was "inferior" to better equipped cultures and s.o.o.o far distant from that information, everything is placed into the "invalid" and "improbable," File 13. therefore, nothing was important enough to implement except as a superficial guess, if anything was said about it at all.

Astronomy, howver, IS universal and the native information is many times much more explicit than official documentation. Such is the case with the Hopi prophecy number nine. Number Nine Prophecy should be read as Number One, sincd it was the beginning of the new Civilization of the Americas. it  actually is in agreement with Peru's of the main god asking for an extention of time to buid the city of Cuzco after the winds of the land swept all is his ceatons away each time.  He was given one day.  Hebrew, on the other hand was given one night.
__________________
*   I remember twenty or thirty years ago that I saw the Greek as  "Egw de me", and I did quite a bit of research on it within the three languages I know well.
I could have confused the spelling but not the pronunciation.ed "ai"  as "egw" but I cannot find either phrase now in the Greek.
The three languages were somewhere----- one based only on one written phrase----- as the pronouciation and may well be in the Iliad itself.
I will have to search both books but it will take a while. A Greek version on the computer would be appreciated, but it also can be tampered with. The hand-written version can be conpromised easily enough as it is. With a computer version it is even easier.

Another Mysterious Codex

In most of the old religions of the world, there are two items that stand out. One is a blue star. The other is a golden sun:  more  brilliant than  the sun we see every day. This sun is noticable as the sun around the head. That of a god, is usually shown as a blazing halo.

In  the XV through the XVI centuries there were known to be 72 different  names for those gods. [We were a very small world at that time]. By the time the 1700's arrived, the color blue had been partially replaced by the color associated with witchcraft, i.e. black!

However, the color blue had a very strong hold on people around the known word. The Hagia Sofia, the Blue Mosque , was named after it. The Hawaiian goddess, Uri, was  called the  "Mother of all Creation." The sparkling blue robe of Guai Yin and the blue cloak of Maria were also semi-associated with it.

Yet, the missionaries did their work well in Hawaii so URI, the  "Mother of all Creation " became ULI, the evil sorceress of the Black Night.

During the years that followed the Conquest of Mexico, Sahagùn began a translation of the Florentine Codex. It told the world about the "gods" of México and many of its customs. It also told the details about the Great Star which happened to be the Blue Star, but few were aware of the cross- referencing between Aztec lore and the Popol Vuh.

Since the Maya were the great hold-out and did not get "conquered until approximately the seventeenth century,"  no one really cared. With Linda Schele and Michael Coe, together with the photographs taken by Justin Kerr of the Maya Vases, the Maya Meetings and the Mixtec cultures became much more active.  

In the meantime  Professors Leon Portillo,  J. Soustelle, Mary Miller, Karl Taube, and Susan Milbrath worked a bit harder on Aztec astronomy. It seemed that all cultural and astronomical problems had been covered. Then Mèxico decided to have new Metro tunnels dug for the underground rail system. Two items turned up: the Moon disk, not quite as large as the Sun disk, and later, a panel of a goddess called Tlaltecuhtl, with fragments of blue paint on her body.

1. Miller, and Karl Taube had a description of this goddess that matched the moon disk goddess of the torn-apart body, Coyotlxauhquiu. The moon disk was not a painted piece so she was identired differently from Tlaltecutli. She became the star daughter of Coatlicue.

Coalicue became pregnant by a magical ball of feathers that she had found.  Her star-daughter accused Coatlicue of being indescrete and she declared that her mother should be killed. Tlaltecuhtl seems to have covered a lot of the Maya Popol Vuh. Even to the ball games in the sky by  Hunahpù and Xbalenquè, and in the Madrid Codex.

The Popol Vuh maybe, but never in the Madrid, you say?  Really?

On pages 112 to 103 of the Madrid Codex several things are visible:

One:    The Great Star ìs blaźing in the sky;

Two:    The Rain of Resin [or the Rain of Turpentine] is falling;

Three:  The Wooden Manikins are being carved  [pp. 102-100] and

Fòur:    A series of mummies are being prepared for burial. [pp. 99-96]  
             Tribes, maybe?] Here also, on page 96 is the splitting of the tree, the
             Milky Way. The Twins  rise into the sky as the  new section of the
             Via Lacta.

Five:     More death panels, more people dying without proper burials.[p. 95]
              Tlaltecuhtl loses her head, etc. On the following page, other sky
              ladies come down with their sky baggage to comfort her. A sky lord
              of the night or a storm god gets a great thunder rattle to announce
              her arrival on the earth.

The Popol Vuh is well covered even though the rest of the Madrid pages may be altered even more to accommodate the  church mandates. Both secular law and ecclesiastical dogmas were tampered with at that time.

Are there any bees in the heavens; no, of course not. Then think bees and what they do, or what they feel like when they sting a person. It is more logical.

Another Post-Gregorian Codex: The Dresden!

The Dresden Codex has been worn to shreds; solely because of everyone's insistence that the planets Venus and Mars (according to Immanuel Velokovsky's 1950 book,Worlds in Collisions. The impossible, but very romantic explantion of two planets crossing over into Earth's orbit, captured even the careful, reasoning of many professionals.

Fig. 01a: Gates D-47

Fig. 01b: Forstemann D-47

    Even so, there seems to be an never-ending attempt to explain the mathematical discrepancies found in the Dresden, especially those associ-ated with the planet Venus table.

      Each version, supposedly better than the first, second or later, multiple versions have tried to solve these irritating problems. However, no one has suceeded, except in very general terms. None of the discrepancies found in the Codex have been properly solved, except fhrough very complex tables and graphs that were probably never an option to the original authors of the Codex
        The Dresden is a ancient codex that has glyphs that are difficult to make out due to deterioration and coloration of the original. There are some copies that were made earlier that seem to correct several areas of importance, such as [Fig. 01-a-b] and for the Planet Tables of Venus and Mars.

De Landa, Friar Diego de Landa whose original manuscript was writen in 1566, was the first person in the Yucatàn to use the Gregorian Calendar and teach the natives the newly determined months of the Maya Calendar System. They were there shortly after de Landa's manuscript was written in 1573. The year bearers, at tht time, were
to be Kan, Muluc, Ix, Cauac. (de Landa, p. 60.)

Also de Landa wrote that the first day of the year was [now] One Imix which normally fell on July 16th. This day sign was also the first day of the [new] month Popp. (p. 68).

William Gates, on the other hand, only mentioned One  Imix, as being foound in the Madrid Codex. His main comment was about which was a date, which required 6 tuns and 2 uinals to complete or tie up the count of 9.9.16.0 as the desired 9.9.16.0.0 or 4 Ahaw 8 Cumhu.

Linda Schele did several translations of the text above in Fig. 01.beginning with the words "tied to the East."  The word "East" appears to be in error.since all cometc are born in the "land of the dead" in the west, not the east. whIch is graphically illustrated by skeletal figures in two instances . One was the skull of the father of the twins,and the second was the Dresden pages above with the skeletal god of the underworld sending the twins to Good Moon, the proposed mother-to-be of the twins.

It is obvious that  the Land of the Dead in the west is implied by the skeletal figures.
It does imfer that the "Dresden Codex" another "doctored" Codex  to be deciphered even more carefully than those that are obviously falsified.
_________________________________________________
Castillo-Torre, Josè, (1955) Port la Señal de Hunab Ku, Reflejos de la Vida de los Anitguos Mayas, Mèxico D.F: Liberia de Manuel Porrùa. and, (Translated with Notes, by William Gates)  New York: Dover Publishing Inc.

Edmonson, Munro S. (1988) The Book of the Year: Middle American Calendrical 9Salt Lake City, Utah, University of Utah Press.

Gates, William, (1932) An Outline Dictionary of Maya Glyphs, With Author, Studies Studies" reprinted from The Maya Society Quarterly, New York: Dover Publishing, Inc.

Förstmann  (1972 ) Codice de Dresde, Mėxico, D. F.: Fondo de Cultural Economica, S.A.

Schele, Linda and Grube, Nikolai, (1997) Notebook for the XXIst Maya Hieroglyphic Workshop, The University of Texas at Austin.

Thompson, J. Eric, (1972) Comomentario al Codice de Dresde, Libro de jeroglfos mayas,  (Traducción de Jorge Ferreiro Santana; Revisiòn de Lauro Josè Źavala) Mèxico, D.F.: Fondo de Cultural Economica/Mèxico.

Villacorta, Carlos A. y Villacorta, C., J. Antonio, (1930) Maya Studies #3, Drawings of the Pages and  Commentary in Spanish, Laguna Hills, California: Aegean Park Press.

The 364-Day Calendar in the BORGIA CODEX

The Borgia Codex begins with eight pages of the Gregorian "trecena" count, without the proper format of the Maya version.

First page of the Borgia Trecena attempts

The partially destroyed  copy from Dover Pubications has an interesting story behind it.  And very serious doubts as to its origins. The story put out by the Vatican was that the children of the servants, were playing games and the Borgia manuscript accidentally fell into the fire.

However, if only one would change the symbols of the politically correct church language into church hierarchy, one might find that the servants are the "children" of the "Papa" [the Pope] who had told his children, [the servants], to burn the manuscripts [the codices] of the "heathens."  And, in their simple faith, picked up the recently delivered Borgia Codex.

The Holy "Father," realizing, his mistake immediately, recovered the new, slightly singed manuscript from the fire.

The last page [8] of the Borgia calendar

The monks who created this calendar form, knew about the trecena  calendar of its creator, D. Veladèz, who may have engraved it in 1551, or Fray Francisco de las Navas [Cogs or Wheels] himself, who became the new owner of that calendar in 1551.

Although the Handbook of the Middle American Indians,  Vol. 14, Part Three, (1975), claimed the VEYTIA  calendar was a true "Native" manuscript, a recent informant told me that any Spanish surname that ends with the letter "Z" is that of a Jewish person; an engraver of this type of calendar.  On that basis, and the fact that a monk obtained the calendar, possibly in 1551, he may have been considered a heretical prisoner of the Inquisition. His calendars were published later by the monk, Fra Francisco de la Nava, in 1584. Whether Veladez was alive at that time or not was not known by the editors of the Handbook!

Even so, the Borgia  Codex did create a 364 day calendar, that emphasized the 260-day ritual  calendar of the Mesoamericans, with tiny feet to indicate the missing day[s] for the 365-day year. The missing elements here, are the 104 days that are also to be counted in the top and  bottom  borders.

On a whim, I decided to check the Chinese 60-year calendar. I had  never been able to unravel the method they had used for their calculations. When I discovered that the Borgia did not have any definitive sequence that included the accepted year bearers, I thought it odd.

The Chinese calendar jogged my memory a bit. I recalled that they had used five names for one phase of their calendar calculations: the five words were  metal, wood, fire, water and earth,  Because the twelve animal month names were nearby, both the Aztec and the Chinese calendars made sense.  Five times twelve equaled the sixty year cycle.

Returning to the Borgia, I resumed my search for sequential names in the five glyph column of the ritual calendar. None appeared, so I returned to Sylvanus Morley's 1956 book. I only found a four-glyph set, similar to the Maya group. The Aztec version reads: Knife, House, Rabbit and Water.

However, no proper year bearer sequence, neither four glyphs nor five appeared within the eight calendar pages. There were only the tiny feet to say that the calendar could  not accommodate the full 365 days in the 260/364 layout.  Even so it was an impressive attempt to ignore the Gregorian months while still following the new 365-day year.

As for the subsequent pages of "god" groups, except for the pages defining the sun, moon, the Great Star of Sahagùn and the butterfly event, that includes the "venus" attributes, the majority of the pages were overdone with what Linda Schele would call a "spaghetti-syndrome." Apparently they were created to impress but had no useful information. I will leave this to those enjoy peering into a morass of repetitive data that contains multiple names for similar god-entities throughout the codices. 

The Source of the Gregorian Trecena

The "Useless" MADRID Codex
The Source of the Gregorian Trecena

By D. M. Urquidi

VEYTIA calendar 1551

1. 

   Astronomy class at Teotihuacàn

I am of the opinion that in order to understand any  calculation, calendar or ordinary mathemtics, one must go to the source. Such a process is slow and labrous, but in the end, it can prevent errors made from assuming an equation that does not exist.

Floyd Lounsbury's whole premise for the Maya calendar in his 1976 calculations were dependent upon the concept that a tr = 13 x 2 = haab  was supposed to be a ritual time of 260 day.

When it fact, it is only half a year of 26 weeks.   Two x haab = 52 weeks which was never used in the old Maya calendars. The problem is that there were no month designations in the 360 calendar.

The Maya astronomers then decided to use the older 360 day year for their own comfort and to help the older generations to understand the Christian changes that were emerging.    

They decided to create a Distance Number for the descrepances between the solar/lunar cycles that came about when the destructive comet soared across the skies; henceforth. making it easier for the uneducated to accept such changes in their life style.

Such Distance Numbers were then used to revise many of the old dedicatory inscriptions. It may well be the reason that broken stelae were, at times, buried under a temple or palace structure.

Since the Maya New Year was created by the Gregorian, as an aid for the European Conquistadores to understand the Maya Calendar, 1-Imix  became the equivalent to 8 February while 0 Pop corresponded to July 26. The Gregorian was then given to the Meso-American tribes in 1584, some thirty [slow] years after its creator Diego de Landa, died in 1551.

As a result, many are searching for the original 0 Pop [4 Ahaw, 8 Cumku] thinking the month was invented by the Native Maya, when, in fact, it was part of the post-Conquest, laws and restrictions put upon Meso-Americans by the Church. 

No year was given; only that it was the second journey of the sun in the Latitude 19 degrees and 42 minutes.  In that way, the seasons were finally restored to their proper sky locations for the astronomer-priests and the farmers.

The MADRID  Serpent Calendar pages

* * * * * * * *

 Above is a paste-up of the eight Serpent calendar pages in the Madrid Codex, which I  believe  to be of the real "native" Codex, which, starts not ends, at page 112 since the Madrid begins with the presence of the great star of Sahagùn and continues on to tell the story of the "rain or even of resin"  [or "of turpentine"] together with the story of the wooden manikins. It continues to relate more of the Popol Vuh. The calendar itself was a complete failure, as a Gregorian example, but does show how the Maya used their own calendar systems.

Here, however, here the Serpent Pages have a different role.  It shows us just how the Maya really counted their days in their calendars.: Four, five or even six down and the necessary day glyphs across to  complete the twenty days of the first set; slip the top glyph of the second set of days to the bottom of each column [as shown after the first green line in the top section above]; repeating the transfer of the top glyph to the bottom of each column for every 20 day-month.  In this manner each month changes at the same time but no column passes any information to its neighbors. It recreates a repeating ring of glyphs in each column  and in that manner fill out the necessary 360 day calendar but only if the count of days are noted as 5 weeks x 6 days a week or even the reverse 6 weeks x 5 days per week.

The caveat here is that each subsequent 20 day column reacts like the one-armed bandits  "cherry rings" of Reno or any other gambling establishment. The columns put the top glyph at the bottom, until the first  glyph (Ik) ends at the bottom its own column in the fourth set of twenty days.

The four, five,or six glyphs of each column set will then begin the whole process all over again.

It is a very difficult thing to learn after being so accustomed to doing the count of the days the easy way. The Trecena has continued in our own calendars since the Gregorian  calendar was created. All one has to do is count one to thirteen for every Saturday in even our regular calendar and it works out as 13 weeks per season, only adding one week when our 375-day year is a leap year.

When the week is split into two months, then the week carrying the number thirteen  belongs to the Saturday, not to the Sunday of that week, even if it is part of the next week, month or even the next year, as often happens after the Leap year. 

With the decision of the astronomer-priests to retain their 360 day/year calendar system, every effort was made to have the new 365 day calendar comparable to their own 360-day calendar. In order to do that, they apparently shaved one or two days off the bottom of their calendar to fill in the new 52 weeks schedule. But they failed, as can be seen on the last section above. The two Kimis [in yellow] found there, was probably their way of telling others that the 52 week calendar failed to function.

The question will be does one only add one day per week, or was it more than five days to the Native pre-conquest weeks.  Six days would work very well for the 360-day year.Floyd Lounsbury's Trecena

tr         The trecena or 12 weeks, [not 13 as reported] having 4 days per week for 20-days each month for  52 weeks in a Haab. Such a process was NEVER used by the older Maya calendars.  [Four days per week did not work to complete a 52 week cycle.                    (See historical note about Fra Francisco de la Nava under Veytia Calendar 1975 edition of HMAI, IV, III p. 230.)

v          The veintena. Or the twenty day count should begin with Ik, and end with Imix
            since Imix was the GREGORIAN adjustment as the FIRST DAY of the first month
            called 0 POP that Rome inserted into the Maya calendar, and began in Mexico in 1593-4.

            Ik (1), Akbal (2), Kan (3), Chicchán (4), Cimi (5), 

            Manik (6), Lamat (7), Muluc (8), Oc (9), Chuen (10), Eb (11), Ben (12),

            Ix (13), Men (14), Cib (15), Cabán (16), Eznab (17), Cauac (18), Ahaw (19),

            Imix (20)

tz         A day of the tzolkin which equals 13 weeks per season. 

         [I have separated the thirteen count into three year-segments of four-day columns. It is the year count 
           not the Trecena count as assumed by some.  This just creates a proper agricultural process of: plant                    
          the first year and leave the last two years to follow the first  As years to leave the mila as fallow    
          ground. The last row of the Trecena just allows the three assumed years to repeat itself.  Nevertheless , 
          this attempt of four  days per week failed to create a 52 week calendar, as stated above.]

            Ik (1), Manik (6), Eb (11), Cabán  (16), Ik (1 +1),

            Manik (2), Eb (2), Cabán  (2),  Ik (2), Manik (2+1)

            Eb (3), Cabán  (3), Ik (3),  Manik (3) Eb (3+1)

            Cabán  (4), Ik (4), Manik (4), Eb (4), Cabán (4+1)

            Ik (5), Manik (5), Eb (5), Cabán  (5), Ik (5 +1),

            Manik (6), Eb  (6), Cabán  (6),  Ik (6), Manik (6+1)

            Eb (7), Cabán  (7), Ik (7), Manik (7), Eb (7+1)

            Cabán  (8), Ik (8), Manik (8), Eb (8), Cabán  (8+1)

            Ik (9), Manik (9), Eb (9), Cabán  (9), Ik (9 +1),

            Manik (10), Eb  (10), Cabán  (10),  Ik (10), Manik (10+1)

            Eb (11), Cabán  (11), Ik (11), Manik (11), Eb (11+1)

            Cabán  (12), Ik (12), Manik (12), Eb (12), Cabán  (12+1)
     

            Ik (13), Manik (13), Eb  (13), Cabán  (13), Ik (13 +1) for a "loop" formula

M        Calendrical month  any one of 18 months. [Again, 0 POP and all other months
               was a Gregorian adjustment by Rome for the Maya  calendar year ] 

            Pop (1), Uo (2), Zip (3), Zotz (4), Tzep (5), Xul (6), Yaxkin (7), Mol (8),    

            Ch'en (9), Yax (10),  Sac (11), Ceh (12), Mac (13), Kankin (14), Moan (15),

            Pax (16), Kayeb (17), Cumhu (18), 

            [Wayeb (19) Floyd's Text], (If  month has only n₁, n₂, n₃, n₄, and n₅, for the

             number of days in that month, If the year has 365 days, use Wayeb)],

d          day of the month, any one of the twenty days. Mod 19,  i.e. of 20 days in

            five weeks of four days each, [as found in the Madrid Codex on the Serpent
            Pages.] 

                    This list is different from the normal sequence.

            Ik (1), Akbal (2), Kan (3), Chicсhán (4), Cimi (5) Manik (6), Lamat (7),

            Muluc (8), Oc (9), Chuen (10), Eb (11), Ben (12), Ix (13), Men (14),

            Cib (15), Cabán (16), Eznab (17), Cauac (18), Ahau (19), Imix (20),

h          days of two haabs = 52 weeks = mod 360 days, [if 365, then Mod 365 +1=
             every 6^th year = 366]

cr         day of calendar-round expressed in terms of coordinates tr, v, and h.

            [For example “6 Etznab 11 Yax”. Floyd's original text]

            {For pre-split mountain event found in the Bodley Codex, a 360 day-year 
             calculation is necessary for the pre-first mountain and for the post-mountain 
              one needs 365.25-day year.]  

lc         date in the long count: expressed in Maya numerals, usually of five places, of
            the following:

            n₅, n₄, n₃, n₂, n₁, where n₁ is the number of days in the kin position, n₂ the
            number of winals, n₃ the number of  tuns;  n₄ the number of katuns, and n₅
            the number of baktuns.

dn        distance number: (positive or negative) to be added to a give cr or lc or both;
             expressed as a Maya numeral, of any number of pieces. 

[The above definitions are just suggested changes to Floyd Lounsbury's original calculus statements
which indicate a 52-year cycle. This makes his calculated data a bit out of sync with the natural measurements of orbital time of the world.]

A  conclusion reached, is that, without searching for the beginnings of any theory, one should never assume such unknown numbers are useful, until all data pertaining to such artificial dating methods can be used in all phases of their calendar calculations.

 [See the Borgia Codex Calendar for the 364 day-year which included the 260-day count for the Trecena in the middle.]

Climate Change I I [July 20. 2014]

          The news article excerpt below gives us a better view of what is happening to our climate than all the 'climate control solutions' propounded in seminars around the world lately.

The second mission by Orbital [in Eastern Virginia on July 13, 2014] is part of their $1.9 billion contract with NASA to deliver up to 44,000 pounds of cargo to the International Space Station over eight trips between 2014 and 2016. More than 3,000 pounds of cargo are packed in Cygnus on the Antares, which is the length of a 13-story building, according to Space.com. The mission had been repeatedly delayed due to technical issues and weather conditions, [NBC News,com Celestial Care Package] 

The last information I gathered about the space shuttle is that they are surrounded by six SBR's  Shuttle Booster Rockets.  EACH one before it is released from the shuttle after arriving in the stratosphere generates 2.8 million pounds of thrust PER FOOT against the earth to help the shuttle
arrive high into the stratosphere.  . .  . . not per square foot, but PER FOOT!!!!!

In other words, each rocket attached to a shuttle to give it enough lift to get out of our gravity uses the shuttle platform as a huge sledge hammer and it not only reverberates against our tectonic plates under our continents and in our oceans, but they also, as they enter the ocean or gulf waters with residue ash in their exhaust tubes, such ash also produce acid in the waters. . . . . . . . [just ask your grandparents who used to make soap to wash clothes]. . . . . killing all the nearby coral reefs and in general, upsetting all of our eco-systems which begin within the depths of the Ocean Seas and are needed  for our nourishing food chain in order for us to survive.

No cans or boxes can be filled with our foodstuffs; all plants and animals, fish or birds will, and are dying off.  We will be left with nothing to eat except more chemicals commonly called pills with artificial taste and fillers to make us think we just had a meal.

It seems like we might be eating like the bovines and will definitely need  second stomachs soon enough. However, NASA is promising us either a diamond studded meteorite which will pave our streets with gold {?} or another Earth-like planet, that we-----millions of people------can be transported to in order to begin our lives in another pure, unsullied Eden. And, of course, start all over again, with building homes, farming our own farms; in general, being servants of the Earth? Or of those-----who will take us there?

Why can't we do that here?  If we would stop butchering the innards of our Earth, and clean up our land, sea and sky, We could, in fact, actually rejuvenate Our Earth-------if it is not too late!

[See Climate Change I in  July 7, 2012]

A Connection with India?

Madrid Codex, M-19
Churning the Milk Sea in Vedic Astronomy

          When I first saw this pen and ink picture in the Vedic Astronomy of R. L. Thompson, I thought it was a fake drawing.

   However, when I checked out my copy of I.V. Kno-rozou's, drawings from 1963 Mr. Thompson had only altered the two gods at the top, on either side of the turtle.

          He had added rain from the fiery collar of death bells, that had been confirmed as fire by the same short lines at the top of his head-dress. It seems that the two sets of short lines indicates the Old Fire God as Vega in the constellation Lyra; once the turtle constellation used by Hermes in his musical sky battle with Apollo.

          Yax, as a glyph meaning green, blue or center, would have agreed with the Indian version of churning the Milky Way as the comets)\[the demons and gods] at the bottom pulling the serpent back and forth as in the previous pages of the Madrid Codex between M-12 to M-18.

          The God at the beginning on M-12 had a headdress similar to the YAX glyph found on M-19 in the Middle of the turtle on the top of the platform [or pillar as in a similar painting in India of Vishnu],  the god who turned into a turtle avatar of Shiva. As a result the sea of Milk [the Milky Way] churned faster than before, indicated by the uneven count of days for each of the serpents between  M-12 to M-18.

          In pictures of Krishna, they are always shown that Krishna's skin is blue.The most popular picture is when he took the saris of the women that were bathing in the water and hung them all in a tree, where he sat and waited for them to look for their clothing.

          It was not a magical but an earthy way to show that the Milky Way had become two branches as seen from the earth, but it was still only one view of the galactic spiral where our earth spins around the sun in its, [now 365 day] orbit.

           The concept of a new Milky Way is located in many myths around the world, even in the Popol Vuh of the Maya when they say that the 400 boys [actually 1,000's] that were slain by Zipnac followed the Twins, Hunapu and Xbalenque, to the sky as their Milky Way Star companions.

         Not only does the Madrid Codex show that the stars went back and forth, but also the Hopi were very explicit in  the ninth prophecy about the same event. Their ninth prophecy is actually the only way, with missionary interference, that the Hopi could retain the memory of their history as they entered the caves in the mesas.

          Were these stories carried to India, or did India see the same recreation of the Milky Way as the rest of the world?

An Ancient Map in Reverse

A Greeland Map of  the "Ocean"

          One considers maps to be done only with latitudes and longitudes, but a long time ago, there was a need to make certain maps that could be read accurately, but not give information to the enemy.  The above "map" is one of those strange items found in books that are ignored because it is not a map of land, but of water.

          Nevertheless, it is a map of an island called Greenland, dated maybe 1194 AD. Very crudely drawn, but one can recognize what we now call the North Atlantic Ocean with various small, insignificant islands here and there along land masses with strange, awkward shapes, Yet, the cartographer did something that was not very well known, except to Ptolemy in the First Century AD. That cartographer, living in Alexandria, numbered the longitudes and the latitudes in detail. But for what reason?

          The Greenland version also has the longitudes and latitudes done in detail. There  are also the letters of the alphabet, starting, not with A, but with B at the bottom left of the map. These letters: B, A, C, D,E and F, appear to be marking various ports of call. The size and boldness of each letter probably indicated the importance of the port. 

          During the era of wooden ships, there would be many reasons to seek shelter, repairs or even food supplies. They could also deliver travelers who would then continue their journeys on land. 

However, this map seemed to have had a different purpose, that of subterfuge. 

          Was it solely to protect territorial waters from being over-fished by the competitors? Or were they protecting their fur suppliers. That would have been fine, but why does it have Baja California outlined on one side and Florida seemingly connected to the Yucatan on the other side of the map? 

          Yes, this could very well be my imagination, but the islands do seem to be lakes, inlets or harbors.  A cartographer  well-versed the ancient language of Greenland, might find that the words on the map are idiomatic phrases that had a variety of different meanings. 

          Was "subterfuge" the reason that water and land were reversed? Greenland is located much closer than Ireland, that of Saint Brendan's island. What political reason would there have been to subjugate their finds to a higher power?  And which higher power were the voyagers attempting to deceive?

          How were the Ptolemy map and the Greenland map connected? Only by latitudes and longitudes?  How was it possible to do the Longitudes and Latitudes of Ptolemy in the XIIth century, when they had not yet been calculated by Alfonso X, el Sabio in the XIIIth century who had originally placed them on his collection of  Ptolemy maps in 1238 AD? (Keller, John Esten (1967), Alfonso X, El Sabio)

More information can be found in the book called the Hidden Land. soon to be available on www.lulu.com.  Two other books are available there [1] The Popol Vuh, which is NOT a translation;
and [2] A Ten-Sun Day,  A more complete story about the nova and the comets that picked up its debris and carried it all to earth. This version has an interesting Persian reference.